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Welcome to the EuroPris Knowledge Management System. The table below shows questions and responses from European National Agencies. Select a question for more information or use the filters on the left to narrow down questions based on Agency or Category.
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Introduction:
The numbers show the number of people who were committed to prison from 2010 to 2015. Both pre-trial inmates and sentenced inmates are included in the figures. 2010: Men: 10 628 (91 %) Woman: 1050 (9 %) 2011: Men: 10 018 (92 %) Woman: 872 (8 %) 2012: Men: 9386 (90 %) Woman: 988 (9,5 %) 2013: Men: 9290 (91 %) Woman: 872 (8,6 %) 2014: Men: 8397 (92 %) Woman: 773 (8,4 %) 2015: Men: 8640 (92 %) Woman: 766 (8 %)
How many re-socialisation programs are currently active in prisons where women prisoners are located?There are currently 4 prisons with an all female population in Norway. Bredtveit prison (capacity: 64) Low and high security Programs: Anger management Ravneberget prison (capacity: 54) Low security Programs: Emotional contol – an alternative to violence, VINN (focus support group for women), Parental guidance Søndre Vestfold prison, Sandefjord unit (capacity: 13) Low security Programs: VINN (focus support group for women), Telemark prison, Kragerø unit (capacity: 18). High security Programs: Anger management At the end of February 2016, there were also 86 women incarcerated in prisons which also have male inmates.
Which re-socialisation activity in women detention centres is the most important?The Norwegian Correctional Service’s social mission is to enforce remand orders and sentences in a manner that reassures society and attempts to prevent recidivism. Our job is to motivate offenders change their criminal behavior through their own efforts. It is important to note that the notion of reintegration is present throughout the Correctional Service, and that our highly qualified prison officers, workshop overseers, reintegration coordinators etc. therefore play an important part in the reintegration process. In trying to achieve this goal, two principles are especially important: The principle of normality and the import model. The principle of normality The principle of normality means that life in prison should resemble life outside in society as much as possible. Offenders should be seen as citizens, with the same individual rights as other citizens except the right to liberty. Thus, inmates retain right of access to society in terms of voting rights, media access, organizational rights; access to public services like health, school, social benefits, etc. This also includes the right to execute basic elements of a private life in terms of family life and religion. The principle of normality supports a humane approach in the execution of sentences. The penalty shall be felt as a penalty, but still being executed in a way that reduces the negative impact of being incarcerated. Second, the principle of normality can also be seen as a measure that serves to ensure safer release. The smaller the difference between life inside and outside prison, the easier should be the transition from prison to freedom. The import model The Norwegian Correctional Service is organized after “the import model'. This means that prisons do not have their own staff delivering for example clerical, medical, educational, employment, social or library services. These services are imported from the local community. For example: Doctors who practice medicine in prisons are paid and hired by the local health authorities, not the correctional service. The responsibility of the Correctional Service in providing these types of services is regulated through the Execution of Sentences Act § 4 (Administrative cooperation). The import model ensures a better continuity in the deliverance of services, as the offender will have had the opportunity to establish contact with the relevant institutions during his time in prison. The correctional service tries to ensure that everyone who is to be reintegrated in the Norwegian society after serving a sentence, should have an offer of employment, education, suitable housing, some type of income, medical services, debt counseling, and preferably a social network – all facilitating for the person released to make a choice of not continuing to build up a criminal record.
How many chaplains, addiction specialists, social workers, psychologists and doctors are there in women prisons?See question 3 about the import model. These types of services are provided by the local community, not by the correctional service per se.
Has the number increased or decreased over the last five years?As noted in question 3 and 4, these services are provided by the local community, hence we do not have any statistics available
In our country, in the prison currently are 28 women, 6 of which are returnees, and 22 for the first time serve prison sentence. From 2010 to 2015, there were from 22 to 56 women in our prison.
How many re-socialisation programs are currently active in prisons where women prisoners are located?In women's prison there are different resocialization programs: moral - pedagogical education, work and vocational training, and the organization of free time. These types of treatments have been conducted through individual and group work with prisoners. Individual treatment arises as a need and helps in the process of adaptation of prisoners. As a form of educational work is carried out using the principles of certain methods and means with the aim of re-education. The whole process seeks to implement the activities on introducing and testing of prisoners personality, case study and its theory, and collecting data for the design of necessary program of work with the individual. The clinical picture of the prisoner is based on observation and experiment, history taking, diagnosis and forecasting. In a form of group treatment there are following subforms: - Educational treatment - working and occupational therapy, - self-initiated treatment - stimulating treatment - and treatment through free time. Education of prisoners is governed by the Law. Education appears as an important component of treatment which contains in itself an educational function, knowledge and training for the prisoners to become useful members of the society. With implementation of this process are introduced positive orientations among prisoners in order to the introduction of certain changes in behavior. Working and occupational therapy offers the possibility of the employment. The purpose of work in the prison is to give an opportunity for individuals to gain the working skills and work habits. Job type is determined by the psycho-physical abilities, expertise or preferences, as well as to the possibilities of prison. Self-initiated treatment of prisoners is initiated by themselves and based in their desires, motives, or suggestions on how to correct their behavior and improve self-discipline. This is a form of Upbringing in which prisoners conceptualize various activities and actions
Which re-socialisation activity in women detention centres is the most important?Psycho - social support conducted in the form of individual treatment is the most important form of social resocialization and reintegration in the society. With regard that in the priosn come individuals with their own personality characteristics related to their already stable way of life, this form of treatment is approached with care. This way of treatment emerges as a necessity due to the individual differences between the inmates and helps first in the process of adaptation. Individual treatment represents the work with the prisoner alone and results in problem solving and decision making
How many chaplains, addiction specialists, social workers, psychologists and doctors are there in women prisons?The prison has a psychiatric for substance abuse, general practitioners, sociologists, psychologists and special needs teachers.
Has the number increased or decreased over the last five years?Compared to the previous 5 years the number or women inmates is reduced.
3 779 women were admitted to prison during the years 2010 until 2015. 1 558 of these women had not started any enforcement in the last five years before they started this one. 2 221 of these women hade started another enforcement in the last five years before they started this one, 896 in prison and 1 325 with a non-custodial sanction supervised by the Swedish Prison and Probation Service (PPS). Finally, the PPS want to clarify that among the 3 779 women that were admitted the same woman may have been admitted more than once if she were convicted to prison again during this time.
How many re-socialisation programs are currently active in prisons where women prisoners are located?There are six prisons (Färingsö, Hinseberg, Ljustadalen, Ringsjön, Sagsjön and Ystad) for women. Where an inmate gets her placement is determined after a risks and needs assessment. The PPS only work with evidence based rehabilitation programs, mostly cognitive behavioral therapy. There are group sessions as well as individual sessions. The number of rehabilitation programs at the different prisons is as follows: Färingsö: there are two programs focusing on drug- and alcohol abuse, one that focus on criminal behavior, one program with the intent to prevent relapse in abuse or recidivism in criminality and one program that specifically focus on women with drug- and alcohol abuse and/or criminal behavior. There is also one program with the intent to strengthen the person’s motivation to make a change. Hinseberg: there are one program focusing on drug- and alcohol abuse, two that focus on criminal behavior and one program that specifically focuses on women with drug- and alcohol abuse and/or criminal behavior. There is also one program with the intent to strengthen the person’s motivation to make a change. Ljustadalen: there is one program that specifically focus on women with drug- and alcohol abuse and/or criminal behavior Ringsjön: there are one program focusing on criminal behavior and one program with the intent to strengthen the person’s motivation to make a change. Sagsjön: there are two programs focusing on drug- and alcohol abuse, one that focus on criminal behavior, one with the intent to prevent relapse in abuse or recidivism in criminality and one program that specifically focus on women with drug- and alcohol abuse and/or criminal behavior. There is also one program with the intent to strengthen the motivation to make a change. Ystad: there are one program focusing on drug- and alcohol abuse, one that focus on criminal behavior, one with the intent to prevent relapse in abuse or recidivism in criminality, one that works with gambling addiction, one focusing on aggression and one program that specifically focus on women with drug- and alcohol abuse and/or criminal behavior. There is also one program with the intent to strengthen the motivation to make a change. In addition to these rehabilitation programs, there is an education, Parental Group, which aims to support parents in their parenting role to promote children's positive development. The education gives increased knowledge about children's development and what separation from the parent can do to a child. It also gives knowledge about protective and beneficiary factors that work against risk factors for child development, children's needs, and how children can think and feel when a parent is committed for a crime, the importance of the parent and how important it is that parents/adults can collaborate. Four of the prisons have this education.
Which re-socialisation activity in women detention centres is the most important?The policy of the PPS is to try and help inmates on an individual basis. According to the PPS’ instructions an individual enforcement plan shall be established for each inmate in order to design the enforcement in an efficient manner and prepare for release. During the time in prison, it is the responsibility of the PPS to prepare the inmate for a better life on release, through training, work and various treatment programs. All occupational activities in prison aim to improve inmates' chances of leading a drug free and law abiding life after having served their sentence. In prison it is compulsory to partake in occupational activities for six hours a day weekdays. Activities may be different kinds of work, like assembling subcontracted products, indoor maintenance or laundry. The PPS has its own school system and inmates may study part-time or full-time. In addition to that, there are different vocational trainings. There are also other activities that count as occupational, such as yoga classes, health programs, writing classes, painting and ceramics. Activities also include attending rehabilitation programs. Usually programs are combined with work or study. Complementary to this, based on the inmate's needs and according to the individual enforcement plan, the inmate and the PPS collaborate with for example social services, the Swedish Employment Service and the Swedish Social Insurance Service to facilitate the inmate's adjustment in the community. With reference to the above, it is not possible to say which activity is the most important.
How many chaplains, addiction specialists, social workers, psychologists and doctors are there in women prisons?Due to the short response time, the PPS is unable to provide a detailed answer but the following can be said in general. In the PPS Prison there are over 200 different job descriptions, for example prison officers, inspectors, transport staff, nurses, kitchen staff, cleaning staff, office workers. The majority is prison officers and most of the prison officers are commissioned to be contact person for one or more inmates. They help out with paper work and are involved in establishing the individual enforcement plan and planning individual rehabilitation activities throughout the sentence. Personnel that work with rehabilitation programs are like prison officers employees of the prison system. In addition to this, access to doctors and psychologist mostly is a service that is purchased in accordance with the Public Procurement Act. The six prions for women differ in size and also in security classification. For example, Hinseberg are largest with rooms for 93 inmates and Ringsjön smallest with rooms for 14 inmates. Hinseberg have 100 staff members in all and Ringsjön have 12 staff members in all. The PPS cooperate with priests, representatives of independent churches and, imams, which is governed in the PPS’ regulations. These representatives visit the prisons regularly. These visits are not part of the occupational activities or compulsory to attend, an inmate participates depending on her own will.
Has the number increased or decreased over the last five years?Due to the short response time, the PPS is unable to answer to this question.
2010-11 435 2011-12 468 2012-13 459 2013-14 432
How many re-socialisation programs are currently active in prisons where women prisoners are located?Female Offending Behaviour Programme Substance Related Offending Behaviour Programme Controlling Anger Regulating Emotion Constructs (cognitive skills)
Which re-socialisation activity in women detention centres is the most important?All activity is considered of equal importance and will be initiated on the basis of a generic programme assessment.
How many chaplains, addiction specialists, social workers, psychologists and doctors are there in women prisons?Females in custody are held in 4 locations across the estate and professional staff are present on all sites to cater for the needs both the male and female population.
Has the number increased or decreased over the last five years?N/A
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According to our annual statistic data there were 87 women inmates imprisoned in year 2010. 53 of them started the prison sentence in that year, 45 of them were in prison for the first time and 8 were already imprisoned before. In the year 2011 the number of imprisoned was 105, 59 started their sentences, 43 women were in prison for the first time and 16 repeatedly. In 2012 total number of women incarceration was 119, 71 came in the prison that year, 57 for the first time and 14 repeatedly. 122 inmates were in women prison in the year 2013. 70 women came in the prison that year, 53 for the first time and 17 repeatedly. In year 2014 we had 173 inmates in women prison, 114 started their sentences, and 81 were in prison for the first time, while 33 were imprisoned before. For the year 2015 number of inmates in women prison was 221 and 147 were anew. Unfortunately we do not have data for the year 2016 yet.
How many re-socialisation programs are currently active in prisons where women prisoners are located?The re-socialisation programs begin at the start of the prison sentence. The importance of re-socialisation activities is being defined according to personal treatment plan that is drawn up for each prisoner. An important role here is played by the provision of various forms of personal counselling, by the preservation and development of work habits, by improving the skills which can be of use in everyday life (language workshops …), by helping to establish a supportive social network in the environment, and by accounting for the characteristics of women prisoners. The experience of their own social roles during the sentence, of their self-image, of the sense of responsibility and trust in themselves, their own abilities and especially in the possibilities for change and the strengthening of positive potentials which can help towards better integration into life after prison are of paramount importance. As well different treatment programs in women prison are dealing with drug and alcohol addictions, suicide-related behaviour and with the field of sexual violence.
Which re-socialisation activity in women detention centres is the most important?One of the most important activities is for sure to keep or strengthen relationship with the family and their children.
How many chaplains, addiction specialists, social workers, psychologists and doctors are there in women prisons?There is a multifunctional team consisted out of two social workers, one of them as chief of department, two pedagogues, one person in charge of abuse addiction and psychologist. Part of the team is also medical staff: general practitioner and psychiatrist. There is also a chaplain coming to the prison once a month but not as a member of treatment group.
Has the number increased or decreased over the last five years?The number of female inmates has slightly increased in last five years. From the SPACE statistic for our country on the day 1st of September in each year the percentages of women incarceration among all inmate number were: 2010 – 3.9%, 2011 – 4.5%, 2012 – 5.1%, 2013 – 4.7% and 2014 – 5.8%. For the year 2015 the percentage is based on the annual report – there were 5.1% of female inmates that year.
From 2010 until 2015, 1026 women were placed in prison for the first time, 235 women were placed in prison repeatedly.
How many re-socialisation programs are currently active in prisons where women prisoners are located?Women prisoners are located in Iļģuciema prison, Vecumnieku prison and Olaines prison. Vecumnieku and Olaines prisons are open prisons. Currently in Iļģuciema prison three resocialisation programs are being implemented: “Social skills development and stress reduction”, “Equip” and “Stress reduction”. In Olaines prison the resocialisation programs that are being implemented are “Social skills development and stress reduction” and “Motivational program for the actualisation and promotion of the imprisoned person resocialisation process”. In Vecumnieku prison “Stress reduction” program is being implemented.
Which re-socialisation activity in women detention centres is the most important?In Iļģuciema prison all resocialisation measures are available as set in The Sentence Execution Code of Latvia: education, employment (work of convicted persons in the facility management of deprivation of liberty institutions, work places created by a merchant at the deprivation of liberty institution or outside it depending on the sentence serving regime imposed on the convicted person, employment without remuneration laid down in the law), solving of the social problems of the convicted person, psychological care, organisation of leisure time events, resocialisation programs. In Vecumnieku and Olaines prisons resocialisation measures are available as set in The Sentence Execution Code of Latvia: solving of the social problems of the convicted person, psychological care, organisation of leisure time events, resocialisation programs. Convicted persons can acquire education outside prison; they can work both in and outside the prison. Resocialisation measures are chosen individually in accordance with the risk and needs assessment as well as the possibilities of the prison: thus, there is no one resocialisation measure that is considered as the most important.
How many chaplains, addiction specialists, social workers, psychologists and doctors are there in women prisons?In the prisons were women are placed there are 23 doctors, including a narcologist, about 2 chaplains, 4 social workers and 13 psychologists.
Has the number increased or decreased over the last five years?Increased.
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Between the Years 2010 and 2015 a total of 9,451 women accounted for the 16,051 female committals into the custody of Irish Prisons. 6,370 of the 9,451 were committed once into custody only in this 5 year period. The remaining 3,081 women were committed more than once. The table shows the breakdown per year of the committals. Year 2015: 2,919 females accounted for the 3,411 female committals. Year 2014: 2,685 females accounted for the 3,091 female committals. Year 2013: 2,326 females accounted for the 2,727 female committals. Year 2012: 2,151 females accounted for the 2,560 female committals. Year 2011 : 1,902 females accounted for the 2,238 female committals. Year 2010: 1,701 females accounted for the 2,024 female committals. A person can be committed more than once over the five years.
How many re-socialisation programs are currently active in prisons where women prisoners are located?“Resocialisation” is not explicitly defined in Irish prison laws or regulations. However, rehabilitation, reintegration and resettlement programmes are offered to women prisoners in the following areas: Education Programmes; Work Training; Psychology; Addiction Treatment; Probation Services; Community Return Scheme; and Resettlement Services. These are described briefly hereunder. Educational services are available in both women’s prisons in Ireland and are provided in partnership with a range of educational agencies including the Educational Training Boards (ETBs), Public Library Services, the Open University and the Arts Council. Literacy, numeracy and general basic education provision is the priority and broad programmes of education are made available which generally follow an adult education approach. Programmes are adapted to take account of the diversity of the prisoner population and the complex nature of prison life. Junior and Leaving Certificate courses are available. QQI accreditation is widely used with assessment by portfolio compilation. The Irish Prison Service places a strong emphasis on the provision of vocational training activities for prisoners. Training activities are chosen to give as much employment as possible in prison and to give opportunities to acquire skills which help secure employment on release. A wide range of training workshops operate within both women’s prisons. The Psychology Service forms part of the Care & Rehabilitation Directorate of the Irish Prison Service. It provides mental health services to prisoners (coping with imprisonment, depression, anxiety etc.) and helps offenders address factors that put them at risk of re-offending (anger, substance abuse, sexual and violent offending etc). The Irish Prison Service offers multidimensional drug rehabilitation programmes for prisoners. Prisoners have access to a range of medical and rehabilitative services, such as methadone substation treatment, psychosocial services, and ‘work and training’ options which assist in addressing their substance misuse. The Probation Service provides reintegration services for prisoners. The main goal of Probation Officers in prisons is helping to reduce reoffending. They work mainly with prisoners who will be under Probation supervision on release. This includes prisoners serving life sentences and those ordered by the Courts to be under post-release supervision. Probation Officers work as part of a prison-based team, helping prisoners manage their sentence and planning for resettlement back into the community without committing further crime. The Probation role ranges from assessment and case planning and management, to specific anti-offending behaviour programmes, family work, seeking solutions to employment, housing and mental health needs, and generally helping prisoners prepare for release. IPS also offers a Community Support Scheme and a Community Return Scheme . Community Return is a joint Probation and Prison Service initiative whereby carefully selected prisoners are granted reviewable temporary release conditional on them performing unpaid community work. Currently the participants must be serving sentences of between 1 and 8 years and must have served at least half of their sentence. The Irish Prison Service has awarded a contract to the Irish Association for the Social Integration of Offenders (IASIO ) to provide a resettlement service in closed prisons to assist offenders in their application for housing, income support and/or medical cards as appropriate to their needs. The IASIO Resettlement Service is a primary needs resettlement support service and provides one-to-one support from the prison to the community under an overall objective of stable resettlement and reintegration, advocating on behalf of the prisoner with a range of community services. The IASIO resettlement coordinator works with females in custody in the Dóchas Centre, 9 month pre-release to address barriers to their stable re-integration including housing, welfare and medical needs. This service will be extended to include females in custody in Limerick Prison in July 2016.
Which re-socialisation activity in women detention centres is the most important?Not possible to state
How many chaplains, addiction specialists, social workers, psychologists and doctors are there in women prisons?Chaplains have a crucial supporting role in prison life by providing pastoral and spiritual care to any prisoners who wish to avail of the service. The IPS regards the Chaplaincy as an essential service, making a significant contribution as part of the multi-disciplinary team in a prison, addressing the physical, social and spiritual needs of prisoners in a holistic way. Prison chaplains can offer a comforting and supportive presence to prisoners and their family members as they face many personal challenges within a prison environment and at particular times of crisis which include, inter alia, when a person dies in prison or hospital while in the custody of the Irish Prison Service; when a person in custody is coping with a terminal or life-threatening illness or following a serious cardiac event; and when a person in custody is coping with the death of a loved one. The Chaplaincy Service offers a one-to-one support system and arranges bereavement support groups, counselling and courses in consultation with other services. The Chaplaincy Service is independent and professional, while working as part of the prison multi-disciplinary team reporting to the Governor. Chaplains are respectful of and seek to meet the needs of prisoners from all belief systems and co-operate with visiting pastors representing all faiths. There is one-full time Chaplain assigned to Limerick Prison and provides a service to both male and female prisoners detained there. There are 4 whole time equivalent Chaplains on the Mountjoy Campus who provide a service to both male and female prisoners detained there. The dedicated Chaplaincy Service are further supported by volunteer Chaplains. Addiction Services to the Irish Prison Service are provided by a specialist organisation called Merchants Quay Ireland (MQI). There are two half time (1 full-time equivalent) MQI Addiction Counsellors in the Dochas Centre, while Limerick prison has 1.8 full-time equivalents serving both male and female prisoners. The Dochas Women’s Prison has a General Practitioner (GP-Doctor) Service for 20 hours per week i.e. Monday to Friday 9am to 1pm and Locum GP service cover at weekends. Limerick Prison (male & female) has a Doctor for 18 hours per week i.e. Mon to Sat 8am to 11pm, but not a specific service for female prisoners. There is one full-time Psychologist working in the Dochas Women’s Prison and one in Limerick prison (male and female).
Has the number increased or decreased over the last five years?Largely unchanged
The number on women placed in prison: 2015 -40; 2014 – 36; 2013 – 99; 2012 – 117; 2011 – 291 and 201 – 395. The number of remand female prisoners was 99 in 2015; 115 in 2014; 90 in 2013; 166 in 2012; 577 in 2011 and 310 in 2010
How many re-socialisation programs are currently active in prisons where women prisoners are located?Currently (2015) 9 different re-socialisation programs are active in prison where women prisoners are located.
Which re-socialisation activity in women detention centres is the most important?Besides the re-socialisation programs the educational programs are the most important re-socialisation activity.
How many chaplains, addiction specialists, social workers, psychologists and doctors are there in women prisons?In prison for women the following specialists are working: 2 chaplains, 3 social workers, 2 psychologists and 8 doctors (not full time).
Has the number increased or decreased over the last five years?The number of workers has been stable over the years
2010 - female prisoners: 2930 2011 - female prisoners: 2808 2012 - female prisoners: 2804 2013 - female prisoners: 2694 2014 - female prisoners: 2304 2015 - female prisoners: 2107 Data above as of 31st December of each year.
How many re-socialisation programs are currently active in prisons where women prisoners are located?In the 55 female prisons and prison wings, the rehabilitation programmes are carried out on the basis of Article 15 of the Penitentiary Act, identifying the so-called 'treatment elements' The treatment activities intended for female inmates are various, but they are not homogeneously disseminated throughout our country, mostly due to the fact that larger establishments or establishments closer to big cities are in situations different from prisons situated in other parts of the country. From the data currently available, it is not possible to draw the number of activities exclusively dedicated to female inmates; however, it is possible to have the datum of the female participants in comparison with the number of male inmates participants in the activities, within the different types of activities. As of 31st December 2015, there were 2107 women imprisoned (the whole population being 52,164 inmates), and their participation in re-socialisation activity was as follows. Work: female working prisoners were 862 (40.91% of women present) out of a total number of working inmates of 15,524. In particular: 688 were employed by the Penitentiary Administration, of which 56 in industrial productions, 597 in services for the prisons, 13 in the services for building maintenance and 22 were admitted to work outside prison (in terms of article 21 of the Penitentiary Act). Moreover, 174 women were working for outside enterprises, and namely: 19 women were under the regime of semi-liberty; 55 were admitted to work outside prison and 100 were working in the prisons being employed by outside enterprises and social cooperatives. Vocational training courses: as of 31st December 2015, there were 142 women attending vocational training coursed activated in the last semester of 2015 and 93 had attended vocational training courses which ended during the same semester. Treatment activities: 1041 women took part in sport activities (a total number of 566 sport initiatives were active in both male and female prisons); 2286 women participated, during the year, in cultural and recreational activities (as a whole, 1441 initiatives): that datum includes the possible participation of one woman to several activities. 341 female inmates participated in theatre workshops (238 workshops activated on the whole for both female and male inmates); 800 women participated in religious activities (for a total number of 566 initiatives throughout Italian prisons). As for non-routine treatment activities, 314 women participated in 118 exhibitions. Education, school and University: as for education, the data relevant to imprisoned women show that 13 women were following university studies; 215 female inmates attended courses for foreign citizens; 268 women attended primary school courses; 338 women attended first-level secondary school courses; 302 women attended high school courses. As of the same date, 155 imprisoned women attended short courses on different subject.
Which re-socialisation activity in women detention centres is the most important?The analysis of statistics data shows a massive presence of women in education activities, with 1319 female students in school and university courses during the school year 2014-2015, that is 62.17% of the total female prison population. That datum does not take into account the drop-outs occurred during the year. A meaningful participation of women is recorded also in theatre workshops (341 inmates) and in decreasing order, to sport activities, to work, to religious activities. In female prisons, many activities of great treatment importance are carried out: it is worth mentioning the project "Sigillo" (Seal), aiming at highlighting the importance of the female entrepreneurship in the field of creative handcraft. The Project gathered under one brand the activities of various handicraft workshops situated in different prisons for the production of bags and of other textile items. Other important initiatives concern the development of family relations skills, an in particular the sense of motherhood. A great care is put to the protection of mothers imprisoned as well as to the protection of children to the age of six, which are allowed to stay with their imprisoned mother in special low-security establishments or in specific prison wings, the creches, which can accommodate mothers with their children up to the age of three.
How many chaplains, addiction specialists, social workers, psychologists and doctors are there in women prisons?In the female wings and prisons there are 4 psychologists and 46 chaplains employed by the prison service. Several psychologists are hired locally on an individual contract basis, but their total number is currently unavailable. The prison healthcare staff is not employed by the prison service, but by the Healthcare Agencies of the Regional Administrations, therefore their number is not available.
Has the number increased or decreased over the last five years?As it is shown by the answer to question 1, the number of female inmates decreased in last five years.