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Welcome to the EuroPris Knowledge Management System. The table below shows questions and responses from European National Agencies. Select a question for more information or use the filters on the left to narrow down questions based on Agency or Category.
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Introduction: General Directorate of Prisons and Detention Houses Turkish Ministry of Justice would like to learn about European practices regarding ‘Daily exits/leaves from closed type prisons’ and would be grateful to receive answers from EuroPris members to the following questions
We have our Penitentiary Law and the Regulation that develops this law.
For what reasons the temporary exit of prisoners from closed type prisons may be restricted?There are objective requirements to go on a temporary exit. The principal is to have consumed 1/4 from the total sentence. Afterwards, generally, inamtes with bad behaviour or with risk of reoffending, can not go on a exit. Nevertheless, it also depends on the aim of the exit.
Is it possible for prisoners to leave the closed type prison temporarily in order to attend central exams? Is there any "crime differentiation" in this procedure?There is no crime differentiation. Also, leaving the close prison temporarily to attend exams is possible, but most times central exams depending on a external university, are celebrated inside prisons.
Who approves/ decides about these temporarily leaves and which criterias are evaluated/checkedThe observatory board makes the proposal and the judge or the central administration authority decides. The criterias are in the legal texts and were also exposed in question 1.
In Switzerland, prison leaves are regulated through art. 84 al. 6 of the Criminal Code, which states that “(t)he prison inmate shall be granted release on temporary licence to an appropriate extent in order to cultivate relations with the outside world, prepare for his release or where there are special circumstances, provided his conduct in custody does not preclude this and there is no risk that he will abscond or commit further offence”. A similar provision applies for inmates under a so-called “institutional measure” (CC art. 90 al. 4). Inmates sentenced to a “indefinite incarceration” are not entitled to prison leave. Switzerland being a federal State, the responsibility of executing criminal sanctions lies with each of the 26 Cantons. For the sake of harmonization, Cantons are organized in three regions (Concordats), each of them providing much more detailed provisions regulating prison leaves. In those specific regulations, distinctions are made between different types of leaves, that range from furloughs (tied to a specific reason: medical appointment, funerals, important administrative procedure that cannot be dealt with in the prison, etc.) to leaves aimed at maintaining family links.
For what reasons the temporary exit of prisoners from closed type prisons may be restricted?Prison leaves are not considered a right and are tied to a series of conditions. In closed type prisons, leaves can usually be granted after 1/3 of the sentence. Inmates have to demonstrate that their leave is compatible with the safeguard of the community, that they actively take part in resettlement programmes, that the leave is part of their sentence plan, and they also have to show good behaviour. They must also have sufficient financial means. Additional requirements apply to inmates considered “dangerous”. If the above-mentioned criteria are not met, temporary leave will not be granted. Furthermore, prison leaves can be suspended on disciplinary grounds. Inmates can appeal the decision. Additional restrictions apply for some offenses (listed in the CC, 64, al. 1) for which the inmate’s “dangerousness” will be thoroughly scrutinized. If the risk of absconding is considered too high, the leave will not be granted. Finally, since the start of the pandemics of Covid-19, leaves may also be suspended or postponed in relation to a contagious disease. More recently, inmates who have not been vaccinated have been forced to undergo a 10 day-quarantine upon their return of an unaccompanied leave.
Is it possible for prisoners to leave the closed type prison temporarily in order to attend central exams? Is there any "crime differentiation" in this procedure?If the conditions outlined in question 2 are met, inmates can be entitled to a prison leave to attend central exams – whether accompanied or not. Educational programmes have normally to form part of the sentence plan. For “crime differentiation” see question 2. Temporary leaves granted to attend central exams would fall under furloughs as described in question 1.
Who approves/ decides about these temporarily leaves and which criterias are evaluated/checkedGiven the federal structure of the country, approval procedures may vary from one canton to another. In most cases, prison leaves must be approved by the cantonal authority overseeing the execution of sanctions (exceptions include one canton where the decision is taken by a judge). The cantonal authority may transfer the competence to the prison director under certain circumstances. A series of conditions must be met in order to grant prison leaves to inmates (see question 1). The risk of absconding and reoffending is also assessed. Lack of permanent residency status in the country is usually considered a major obstacle.
1. Act relating to the execution of sentences 1. § 33 Leave of absence from prison 2. § 34 Escorted leave 3. § 36 Determination of conditions relating to leave of absence and interruptions of the sentence. 2. Regulations relating to the execution of sentences 1. Section 3-14 Day release. 2. Section 3-30 Leave of absence 3. Section 3-31 Exceptions from the general conditions for leave of absence 4. Section 3-32 Escorted leave. 5. Section3-34 Conditions relating to leave of absence.. Breach of conditions 6. Section 6-13 Escorted leave for inmates on especially high security level.
For what reasons the temporary exit of prisoners from closed type prisons may be restricted?2. Several reasons might prevent an inmate to get a permission for a short leave. There are static and dynamic elements. Security-judgments are done individually. This might cause the reason for not letting an inmate have a permission for a short leave. Other reasons are the time served before an application. The most common reasons for a short leave is health issues, short visits for the family/children/ funerals/ etc.
Is it possible for prisoners to leave the closed type prison temporarily in order to attend central exams? Is there any "crime differentiation" in this procedure?3. Most exams are held inside the prisons. This is arranged by local schools, and it has a national agency, which is responsible for all parts of education. Occasionally some inmates have to attend the outside school for specific exams. The judgement for him or her to leave are similar to the answer in Question 2.
Who approves/ decides about these temporarily leaves and which criterias are evaluated/checked4. The local prison leader has the authority to make the decision. In cases when the sentence is more than 10 years, the decision is lifted to a regional level. All decisions can undergo a complaint-process to the higher level.
Prison Rule 27 of the Prison and Young Offenders Centre Rules (Northern Ireland) 1995, provides the prison Governor with the power to permit the temporary release of any sentenced prisoner. Rule 27(1) provides the general power; 27(2) allows such temporary release for any special purpose or for a list of specified reasons. The full text of the Rule is set out below: 27. Temporary release (1) A prisoner to whom this rule applies may be temporarily released for any period or periods and subject to any conditions. (2) A prisoner may be temporarily released under this rule for any special purpose or to enable him to have health care, to engage in employment, to receive instruction or training or to assist him in his transition from prison to outside life. (3) A prisoner released under this rule may be recalled to prison at any time whether the conditions of his release have been broken or not. (4) This rule applies to prisoners other than persons- (a) remanded in custody by any court; or (b) committed in custody for trial; or (c) committed to be sentenced or otherwise dealt with before or by the Crown Court. (5) In considering any application for temporary release under this rule previous applications, including any fraudulent applications, may be taken into account. Section 16 of the Prison (NI) Act 1953 provides for the removal of prisoners for judicial or other purposes. However, under this legislation an individual remains in custody at all times unless the Department of Justice directs otherwise. The full text of Section 16 is set out below: 16. Removal of prisoners for judicial and other purposes (1) The Department may, if it is satisfied that the attendance at any place of a person detained in a prison is desirable in the interests of justice or for the purposes of any public inquiry, direct him to be taken to that place. . (2) The Department may, if it is satisfied that a person so detained requires medical investigation or observation or medical or surgical treatment of any description, direct him to be taken to a hospital or other suitable place for the purposes of the investigation, observation or treatment. . (3) Where any person is directed under this section to be taken to any place he shall, unless the Department otherwise directs, be deemed to be in custody while being so taken, while at that place, and while being taken back to the prison in which he is required in accordance with law to be detained. . (4) A person taken from a prison for medical investigation or observation or medical or surgical treatment under sub-section (2) of this section may by direction of the Department, but not otherwise, be discharged on the expiration of his sentence without necessitating his return to prison. . (5) In this section “hospital” has the same meaning as in the Health Services Act (Northern Ireland), 1948 [1948 c.3]
For what reasons the temporary exit of prisoners from closed type prisons may be restricted?N/A
Is it possible for prisoners to leave the closed type prison temporarily in order to attend central exams? Is there any "crime differentiation" in this procedure?N/A
Who approves/ decides about these temporarily leaves and which criterias are evaluated/checkedPrison Governor with the power to permit the temporary release of any sentenced prisoner
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As Q1
Is it possible for prisoners to leave the closed type prison temporarily in order to attend central exams? Is there any "crime differentiation" in this procedure?As Q1
Who approves/ decides about these temporarily leaves and which criterias are evaluated/checkedAs Q1
One overall answer is given in attachment #1
For what reasons the temporary exit of prisoners from closed type prisons may be restricted?One overall answer is given in attachment #1
Is it possible for prisoners to leave the closed type prison temporarily in order to attend central exams? Is there any "crime differentiation" in this procedure?One overall answer is given in attachment #1
Who approves/ decides about these temporarily leaves and which criterias are evaluated/checkedOne overall answer is given in attachment #1
Attachments:
The temporary exit of prisoners from closed type prisons is regulated in Imprisonment Act (law code: https://www.riigiteataja.ee/en/eli/ee/509082021003/consolide/current) and rules of procedure of a prison (regulation of minister: https://www.riigiteataja.ee/akt/12878040?leiaKehtiv).
For what reasons the temporary exit of prisoners from closed type prisons may be restricted?As a rule, prisoners in closed prison are not allowed to go outside the prison. Although the legislation in Estonia does not preclude temporary exit from closed prison, in practice temporary exit is allowed in very exceptional circumstances. In the Imprisonment Act unsupervised movement off-grounds relating to studies, work, participation in a social programme or undergoing treatment or for family reasons is considered as a privilege. According to the rules of procedure of a prison § 83 the prison shall refuse to provide such privilege for prisoners who have knowingly provided false information in their application or whose disciplinary penalty has not expired. Also, the permit might not be given if more than one prisoner has requested to go to nearby areas at the same time and there is a reason to believe that detainees will interact with each other during the prison leave (it does not include prison leave for studies, work or running errands). Another ground for refusal can be if the prisoner´s prison leave plan does not adequately reflect the activities and purposes for which the detainee must perform during the prison leave. Lastly the refusal may be based on any other reasons for which there is a reason to believe that temporary exit is contrary to the objectives of imprisonment and execution of imprisonment. In addition, the prison needs to consider the nature of the crime, the personal characteristics of the prisoner and the risk of committing a new crime, the behavior of the prisoner in prison and compliance of the sentence plan. Those who are unable to obtain the permit described above may apply for temporary exit under supervision. However, this permit is usually granted only in the case of some extraordinary family event.
Is it possible for prisoners to leave the closed type prison temporarily in order to attend central exams? Is there any "crime differentiation" in this procedure?Education service, including exams, is provided by the mediation of the prison on the prison´s territory. Prisoners from closed prisons are not usually granted a permit to attend a central exam outside the prison. In open prison a prisoner may be granted a permission to take an entrance exam at an educational institution outside the prison and permission to commence or continue his or her studies there. To give this permit the prison must consider prisoner´s personality traits and criminogenic risks, his or her attitude towards work and studies, the nature and duration of study outside the prison and his or her behavior while serving the sentence. In addition, the prison must consider the objectives prescribed in the prisoner´s sentence plan. Since it is an open list, the prison may also consider any other circumstances in adjudicating the application.
Who approves/ decides about these temporarily leaves and which criterias are evaluated/checkedPermit for the prison leave under supervision is granted by the director of a prison. Permission for prison leave is decided by the head of unit. The criteria which shall be evaluated are mentioned above.
Execution code: Article 251. Closed type penitentiary 4) In the regime of resocialization, in addition to the provisions of paragraph (3) of the present article, inmates have the right to move freely on the territory of the penitentiary within the limits established by the penitentiary administration, also to be involved in work outside the penitentiary, provided that permanent supervision is ensured. (5) In the common and in the resocialization regime, the inmates may be involved in work outside the penitentiary institution if they have the right to move without escort or accompaniment, under the conditions provided in art. 216 of the present code. Article 216. Movement of inmates without escort or accompaniment (1) A convicted person who is serving a sentence of imprisonment in a common or resocialization regime, or who is allowed to perform the facility related work in a penitentiary, may be granted the right to move without escort or accompaniment outside the penitentiary, if he has served at least one third of the sentence, is positively characterized and according to the recommendations of the psychologist he can benefit from this right and if it is necessary by the specific nature of work in which he is involved. (2) The right to travel without escort or accompaniment outside the penitentiary is granted to the convicted person by a written order of the head of the penitentiary. The director of the penitentiary institution establishes the schedule and itinerary of the inmates' moves. The inmates indicated in par. (1), who have executed at least 2/3 of the term of the punishment may benefit from the right to move without escort or accompaniment to the higher or specialized secondary education institutions to participate in the session. (3) It is forbidden to move without escort or accompaniment outside the penitentiary the convict who has committed a crime in a dangerous or especially dangerous recidivism, a convicted person who has committed a particularly serious or exceptionally serious crime, the convict who has outstanding disciplinary sanctions, convict for an intentional crime committed during the period of execution a sentence, the convict suffering from contagious tuberculosis, the convict who has not completed a full course of treatment for a venereal disease, alcoholism, drug abuse, drug addiction, the convict suffering from mental disorders, which do not exclude liability. (4) The convicts who benefit from the right to move without escort or accompaniment outside the penitentiary must be detained separately from the rest of the convicts. The director of the penitentiary institution, in agreement with the local public administration authorities, by a written order, may allow such convicts to live in the dormitory, outside the penitentiary. (5) The behavior of the convicts who benefit from the right to move without escort or accompaniment outside the penitentiary is regulated in the Statute of serving of sentences by convicted persons. (6) If the convict violates the regime in the penitentiary institution, the schedule or itinerary of movement, as well as when the nature of his work or the works performed by him changes and there is no leave outside the penitentiary institution, the head of the penitentiary has the right to cancel his order on granting the convicted person the right to leave without an escort or accompaniment outside penitentiary institution. Article 217. Short-term leave outside the penitentiary institution. (1) The convicted person who is serving a sentence of imprisonment in a common or resocialization regime or who is allowed to perform facility related work in the criminal investigation isolator, if he is positively characterized and according to the psychologist's recommendations may benefit from this right, with the written approval of the director of the penitentiary institution, during the year, at least a short trip of up to 5 days may be granted outside the penitentiary to visit the family, relatives, tutor or curator, as appropriate. (2) In case of death, serious illness of the spouse or a close relative, or natural calamity, which has caused considerable material damage to the convict or his family, the persons indicated in paragraph (1) of this article may benefit a short - leave with a duration of up to 7 days. (3) The persons indicated in paragraph (1) of this article who have children in the orphanages of the penitentiaries may benefit during the year from at least a short-term trip, for up to 7 days, in order to arrange their children with relatives or in another orphanage. Convicts with children with disabilities can benefit, at least twice a year, from a short trip of up to 7 days to visit them. (5) The convict's application for a short-term travel from the penitentiary institution is examined within three days, and in connection with exceptional circumstances - within one day. (6) A short-term leave permit is issued by a written order of the head of the penitentiary institution, taking into account the time required for a round trip. The time spent by the convicted person outside the penitentiary shall be included in the term of serving the sentence. (7) The travel expenses outside the penitentiary shall be borne by the convict. (8) In case of exceptional circumstances that prevent the return of the convict within the established term, the head of the internal affairs body from the place where the convict is located, at the motivated request of the convict, extend up to 3 days the return to penitentiary, with a mandatory urgent notification of the administration of the penitentiary institution without delay. (9) If the convicted person does not returned to the penitentiary institution within the established term, the internal affairs body from the place of destination of the trip, based on the request of the head of the penitentiary, shall detain the convicted person till the escorting him to the nearest place of detention, as reported by the penitentiary administration. If the convict has not been detained within 48 hours from the receiving a request, the internal affairs body, within 24 hours, informs the penitentiary administration about this fact, attaching a report on the results of the convict's search. The administration of the penitentiary, in the manner provided by this code, addresses to the court a request, with attaching the necessary materials, and declares the convicted person wanted. (10) The trips provided for in paragraphs (1) - (4) of this article shall not be granted to the convicts who have committed a crime in a dangerous or especially dangerous recidivism, a convicted person who has committed a particularly serious or exceptionally serious crime, the convict who has outstanding disciplinary sanctions, convict for an intentional crime committed during the period of execution a sentence, the convict suffering from contagious tuberculosis, the convict who has not completed a full course of treatment for a venereal disease, alcoholism, drug abuse, drug addiction, the convict suffering from mental disorders that do not exclude responsibility. Status of serving of the sentences by convicted persons: Part 17 Procedures and conditions in closed type penitentiaries (173) In the resocialization regime, during the period from bedtime to awakening, the convicts are kept in completely isolated rooms, which are locked. During the time from awakening to bedtime, they can move freely on the territory of the penitentiary within the limits established by the penitentiary administration. (174) The transfer of the convict to the resocialization regime is carried out at least 6 months before the expiration of the sentence term, under the conditions established by par. (1) art. 282 of the Execution Code.
For what reasons the temporary exit of prisoners from closed type prisons may be restricted?The status of serving of the sentences by the convicts 240. In case of violation by the convicted person of the rules of conduct, by decision of the head of the penitentiary, he is deprived of the right to travel without escort or accompanying (Appendix no. 21) and held liable to disciplinary responsibility. The convicted person who was denied the right to travel without escort or accompaniment in accordance with the provisions of this point may benefit from this right only after the disciplinary sanction has been extinguished, but not earlier than one year from the moment of deprivation of this right. 241. The right to travel without escort or accompaniment is also cancelled in case of change of the specific work of the convicted person. In these cases the permits are withdrawn. 242. It is prohibited to move without an escort or accompaniment out of the penitentiary institution of a convicted person who has committed a crime that constitutes a dangerous or particularly dangerous recidivism, the convict who has committed a crime in a dangerous or especially dangerous recidivism, a convicted person who has committed a particularly serious or exceptionally serious crime, the convict who has outstanding disciplinary sanctions, convict for an intentional crime committed during the period of execution a sentence, the convict suffering from contagious tuberculosis, the convict who has not completed a full course of treatment for a venereal disease, alcoholism, drug abuse, drug addiction, the convict suffering from mental disorders, which do not exclude liability.
Is it possible for prisoners to leave the closed type prison temporarily in order to attend central exams? Is there any "crime differentiation" in this procedure?- only if the provisions of art.216, 217 of the Execution Code are met.
Who approves/ decides about these temporarily leaves and which criterias are evaluated/checked- the given actions are granted under the conditions provided by art.217 of Execution Code and Section 23 Statute of execution of the sentence by the convicts
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Prison Rule 9 (The Prison Rules 1999) and YOI Rule 5 (The Young Offender Institution Rules 2000) provide the legal authority for temporary release In England and Wales: The Prison Rules 1999 (legislation.gov.uk) The Young Offender Institution Rules 2000 (legislation.gov.uk) Guidance to the prison and probation staff involve in making decisions about temporary release is given in the Release on Temporary Licence (ROTL) Policy Framework: Release on temporary licence - GOV.UK (www.gov.uk) Release is allowed for the following reasons: (a) on compassionate grounds or for the purpose of receiving medical treatment; (b) to engage in employment or voluntary work; (c) to receive instruction or training which cannot reasonably be provided in the prison (this includes educational courses); (d) to enable the prisoner to participate in any proceedings before any court, tribunal or inquiry; (e) to enable the prisoner to consult with their legal adviser in circumstances where it is not reasonably practicable for the consultation to take place in the prison; (f) to assist any police officer in any enquiries; (g) to facilitate the prisoner's transfer between prisons; (h) to assist the prisoner in maintaining family ties or in their transition from prison life to freedom
For what reasons the temporary exit of prisoners from closed type prisons may be restricted?All ROTL is subject to risk assessment – the release must not put the public at risk of harm. In addition, the prisoner must be considered suitable for an open prison or, if not yet suitable, to have served at least a quarter of their sentence and be within three years of their release data, There are two types of ROTL in England and Wales- Standard and Restricted. Standard ROTL prisoners would be permitted to leave closed establishments on a temporary basis. Restricted ROTL prisoners would need to be in open conditions before being eligible for release on ROTL. This is because Restricted ROTL prisoners are those who are serving indeterminate (life), extended or other special sentences for the more serious sexual and violent offences, or who are considered to present a high risk of serious harm.
Is it possible for prisoners to leave the closed type prison temporarily in order to attend central exams? Is there any "crime differentiation" in this procedure?Yes, provided their offender manager is satisfied that the nature of the education course/exam is in line with the prisoner’s sentence plan, and they pass the risk assessment, and they are eligible (see Q2 above). The nature of the criminal offence and offending behaviour is always taken into account in the risk assessment but the policy does not prevent access solely on the basis of the offence .
Who approves/ decides about these temporarily leaves and which criterias are evaluated/checkedGovernors must ensure that any temporary release is in accordance with the principles and procedures set out on the Release on Temporary Licence Policy Framework. Decisions on temporary release must be taken by the prison governor or delegate (acting on behalf of the Secretary of State) and, for any release to be acceptable, there must in all cases be an identified basis under the Prison Rules for the release. The decision to allow temporary release must always be balanced by an active consideration, by means of rigorous risk assessment, of the need for maintaining public safety and the public’s confidence in the judicial system. All resettlement ROTL must have a clear, recorded link to an objective identified in the individual offender’s sentence plan and/or resettlement goals. Special purpose ROTL may be granted to enable offenders to deal responsibly with unexpected family and personal events and wider criminal justice needs.
Prison Rule 9 (The Prison Rules 1999) and YOI Rule 5 (The Young Offender Institution Rules 2000) provide the legal authority for temporary release In England and Wales: The Prison Rules 1999 (legislation.gov.uk) The Young Offender Institution Rules 2000 (legislation.gov.uk) Guidance to the prison and probation staff involve in making decisions about temporary release is given in the Release on Temporary Licence (ROTL) Policy Framework: Release on temporary licence - GOV.UK (www.gov.uk) Release is allowed for the following reasons: (a) on compassionate grounds or for the purpose of receiving medical treatment; (b) to engage in employment or voluntary work; (c) to receive instruction or training which cannot reasonably be provided in the prison (this includes educational courses); (d) to enable the prisoner to participate in any proceedings before any court, tribunal or inquiry; (e) to enable the prisoner to consult with their legal adviser in circumstances where it is not reasonably practicable for the consultation to take place in the prison; (f) to assist any police officer in any enquiries; (g) to facilitate the prisoner's transfer between prisons; (h) to assist the prisoner in maintaining family ties or in their transition from prison life to freedom
For what reasons the temporary exit of prisoners from closed type prisons may be restricted?All ROTL is subject to risk assessment – the release must not put the public at risk of harm. In addition, the prisoner must be considered suitable for an open prison or, if not yet suitable, to have served at least a quarter of their sentence and be within three years of their release data, There are two types of ROTL in England and Wales- Standard and Restricted. Standard ROTL prisoners would be permitted to leave closed establishments on a temporary basis. Restricted ROTL prisoners would need to be in open conditions before being eligible for release on ROTL. This is because Restricted ROTL prisoners are those who are serving indeterminate (life), extended or other special sentences for the more serious sexual and violent offences, or who are considered to present a high risk of serious harm.
Is it possible for prisoners to leave the closed type prison temporarily in order to attend central exams? Is there any "crime differentiation" in this procedure?Yes, provided their offender manager is satisfied that the nature of the education course/exam is in line with the prisoner’s sentence plan, and they pass the risk assessment, and they are eligible (see Q2 above). The nature of the criminal offence and offending behaviour is always taken into account in the risk assessment but the policy does not prevent access solely on the basis of the offence
Who approves/ decides about these temporarily leaves and which criterias are evaluated/checkedGovernors must ensure that any temporary release is in accordance with the principles and procedures set out on the Release on Temporary Licence Policy Framework. Decisions on temporary release must be taken by the prison governor or delegate (acting on behalf of the Secretary of State) and, for any release to be acceptable, there must in all cases be an identified basis under the Prison Rules for the release. The decision to allow temporary release must always be balanced by an active consideration, by means of rigorous risk assessment, of the need for maintaining public safety and the public’s confidence in the judicial system. All resettlement ROTL must have a clear, recorded link to an objective identified in the individual offender’s sentence plan and/or resettlement goals. Special purpose ROTL may be granted to enable offenders to deal responsibly with unexpected family and personal events and wider criminal justice needs.
In accordance with the Act on Prison Sentence Execution (hereinafter only “the Act”), Prison Governor can due to an urgent family reason, mainly in case of decease of a close person or birth of a child, and due to the reason of the visit of the cultural, edifying, sports, educational and spiritual activities permit the prisoners a prison leave up to five days. At the same time, the Act enables prisoners to be repeatedly granted the highest form of the disciplinary reward, that is the extraordinary prison vacation as much as for five days. As regards prisoners serving their sentence in open units, apart from the extraordinary prison vacation they can be permitted a walk outside prison to visit the close persons outside this unit mostly for 48 hours. Such walk can be permitted repeatedly. Permission for extraordinary prison vacation, prison leave or a walk outside prison is the legal possibility, not the right of a prisoner. The generally binding legal regulations or internal regulations of the Corps of Prison and Court Guard (hereinafter only “the Corps”) do not stipulate the intervals for granting the mentioned disciplinary reward, permission for a prison leave of a walk outside prison. That means that the regular granting of the mentioned disciplinary reward, permission for a prison leave or a walk outside prison is not carried out automatically each calendar month. The competent prison staff of the Corps, when submitting proposals for performance of the mentioned institutes, go out from an individual assessment of the current state of the resocialisation of a prisoner. For permission for a prison leave or an extraordinary prison vacation, a prisoner must fulfil the determined criteria, respectively when making decision on permitting a prison leave, several areas are taken into account in order to minimize the possibilities for appearance of emergency incidents. A Prison Governor shall decide in which cases he/she permits to a prisoner a prison leave with the presence of a prison officer who shall ensure supervision and surveillance over a prisoner during the prison leave. The prison leave shall be included to the prison sentence execution of the prisoner. Education of prisoners is a complex of activities based on the active participation of the prisoner and focused on his/her integration to society in compliance with his/her personal and social needs. Education of prisoners shall generally be organised so, that in accordance with special regulations the graduation shall be officially accepted by issuing the respective certificate by an accredited institution. It must not be obvious from the certificate that the prisoner gained it during the prison sentence execution. Education is provided in the premises of prisons by teachers of external educational institutions on the basis of education contracts concluded with individual prisons. External educational institutions and their pedagogical staff shall meet the criteria for implementation of education determined by the laws of the Slovak Republic. Study materials and other teaching aids necessary for education are ensured by external educational institutions (education is free of charge). Inmates are enabled to complete the compulsory school attendance, requalification course, course for increasing and extending qualification, training in selected fields of study (cook, bricklayer, painter, carpenter, electrician and similar) or the secondary education. We do not ensure for inmates the university education. Illiterate prisoners shall be enabled to complete the course for illiterates. In case the prisoner is included to such course, he/she is obliged to participate regularly in it. Inmates have the possibility to learn also in a distance form (through correspondence); however such education is ensured by the inmates independently. Inmates do not have the access to internet. In case, an inmate educates himself individually (in a distance form), he/she has the possibility to communicate with the educational institution through correspondence without limits. The inmate may also receive the study materials in the form of a parcel specially intended for education. All inmates can take a part in education who have preconditions for that and on the basis of their individual capabilities.
For what reasons the temporary exit of prisoners from closed type prisons may be restricted?See the answer to question no. 1.
Is it possible for prisoners to leave the closed type prison temporarily in order to attend central exams? Is there any "crime differentiation" in this procedure?See the answer to question no. 1.
Who approves/ decides about these temporarily leaves and which criterias are evaluated/checkedSee the answer to question no. 1.