Children associated with the so-called Islamic State have been both victims and perpetrators—used in combat, executions, and suicide attacks. As many return or are left stateless after the caliphate’s collapse, the challenge lies in how to reintegrate these traumatised and indoctrinated youths into society.
Liesbeth van der Heide and Jip Geenen explore the complexities of dealing with juvenile violent extremist offenders (JVEOs).